Laparoscopy Instruments

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations are performed far from their location through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) elsewhere in the body.  Three main Components: Laparoscopic instrumentsØ Pneumoperitoneum Ø Image production OPERATING ROOM SET-UP  must include: A sufficient back up of instrumentation […]

PRELABOR RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES (PROM)

HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY

Definition of poor responder

Eshre definition: At least two of the following three features must be presentTwo episodes of POR after maximal stimulation are sufficient to define a patient as poor responder in the absence of advanced maternal age or abnormal ORT Other Definitions –Three or fewer recruited follicles or collected oocytes and a serum estradiol concentration lower than […]

Bowel Endometriosis and its management

Endometriosis is as chronic gynaecological condition in which there is endometrial tissue outside uterus and induces chronic inflammatory condition. Deep endometriosis is defined as endometriosis 5 mm beneath the peritoneum. This type of endometriosis is mostly found on the uterosacral ligaments, inside the rectovaginal septum or vagina, in the rectosigmoid area, ovarian fossa, pelvic peritoneum, […]

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic testing is a technique that is used to identify genetic disorders in embryos created through in vitro fertilization or ICSI.   Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) refers to techniques where embryos from presumed chromosomally normal genetic parents are screened for aneuploidy.  PGD and PGS are presently the only options available for avoiding a high risk of […]

Three Parent IVF

Three-Parent IVF using mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is an innovation , giving hope to those families with inheritable mitochondrial disorders that they may be able to have healthy offsprings . This technology has enabled us to get rid of certain fatal diseases to be inherited from one generation to another. In brief the technique uses […]

Menstural Cycle

The menstrual cycle starts with the first day of the period and ends when the next period begins.Hormone signals are sent back and forth between the brain and the ovaries, causing changes to the sacs in the ovaries that contain eggs (follicles) and the uterus. The first part of the cycle prepares an egg to […]

BRCA AND OVARIAN CANCER RELATION

Endometrial polyps

POLYPS AND SIGNIFICANCE IN FERTILITY Endometrial polyps are focal growths of the uterine mucosa and consist of endometrial glands, stroma and blood vessels. Uterine polyps are found in 10 % of female population .They are mostly identified during investigations for abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility.  Association between endometrial polyps and subfertility is controversial,  many women with polyps […]